semantica/docs/modules.md

Modules & Architecture

Semantica is built with a modular architecture, designed to be flexible and extensible. This guide provides an overview of the key modules and their responsibilities.

🏗️ Architecture Overview

The framework is organized into several core layers, each handling specific aspects of the semantic processing pipeline.

graph TD
    subgraph Ingest [Ingestion Layer]
        I[Ingest Module] --> P[Parse Module]
        P --> N[Normalize Module]
    end

    subgraph Core [Core Processing]
        N --> SE[Semantic Extract]
        SE --> KG[Knowledge Graph]
        KG --> O[Ontology]
    end

    subgraph Storage [Storage Layer]
        KG --> VS[Vector Store]
        KG --> TS[Triple Store]
    end

    subgraph Output [Output & Analysis]
        KG --> E[Export]
        KG --> V[Visualization]
        KG --> R[Reasoning]
    end
    
    style Ingest fill:#e1f5fe,stroke:#01579b
    style Core fill:#e8f5e9,stroke:#1b5e20
    style Storage fill:#fff3e0,stroke:#e65100
    style Output fill:#f3e5f5,stroke:#4a148c

---

📦 Core Modules

Semantica is organized into 12 core modules. Below is a detailed breakdown of each.

1. Ingest Module

Purpose: Ingest data from various sources into a unified format.

The ingest module is the entry point for data. It handles the complexity of connecting to different data sources, from local files to web streams.

• Components:
  • FileIngestor: Read files (PDF, DOCX, HTML, JSON, CSV, etc.)
  • WebIngestor: Scrape and ingest web pages
  • FeedIngestor: Process RSS/Atom feeds
  • StreamIngestor: Real-time data streaming
  • DBIngestor: Database queries and ingestion
  • EmailIngestor: Process email messages
  • RepoIngestor: Git repository analysis

classDiagram
    class BaseIngestor {
        +ingest(source)
        +validate(source)
    }
    class FileIngestor {
        +supported_formats: List
        +ingest_file(path)
    }
    class WebIngestor {
        +scrape(url)
        +extract_metadata(html)
    }
    BaseIngestor <|-- FileIngestor
    BaseIngestor <|-- WebIngestor

from semantica.ingest import FileIngestor, WebIngestor

# Ingest local files
file_ingestor = FileIngestor()
documents = file_ingestor.ingest("data/") # (1)

# Ingest web content
web_ingestor = WebIngestor()
web_docs = web_ingestor.ingest("https://example.com") # (2)

1. Recursively scans the directory for supported file types (PDF, DOCX, etc.) and converts them to standard Document objects.
2. Fetches the URL, renders JavaScript if necessary, and extracts the main content while stripping boilerplate.

2. Parse Module

Purpose: Parse and extract content from various raw formats.

Once data is ingested, the parse module extracts the raw text and metadata. It supports a wide range of formats and includes OCR capabilities.

• Components:
  • DocumentParser: Main parser orchestrator
  • PDFParser: Extract text, tables, images from PDFs
  • DOCXParser: Parse Word documents
  • HTMLParser: Extract content from HTML
  • JSONParser: Parse structured JSON data
  • ExcelParser: Process spreadsheets
  • ImageParser: OCR and image analysis
  • CodeParser: Parse source code files

classDiagram
    class DocumentParser {
        +parse(documents)
        +register_parser(format, parser)
    }
    class PDFParser {
        +extract_text()
        +extract_tables()
    }
    class JSONParser {
        +flatten()
        +extract_schema()
    }
    DocumentParser *-- PDFParser
    DocumentParser *-- JSONParser

from semantica.parse import DocumentParser

parser = DocumentParser()
parsed_docs = parser.parse(documents) # (1)

1. Automatically detects the file type of each document and routes it to the appropriate specialized parser (e.g., PDFParser for .pdf).

3. Normalize Module

Purpose: Clean and normalize text for processing.

Raw text is often noisy. The normalize module cleans, standardizes, and prepares text for semantic extraction.

• Components:
  • TextNormalizer: Main normalization orchestrator
  • TextCleaner: Remove noise, fix encoding
  • DataCleaner: Clean structured data
  • EntityNormalizer: Normalize entity names
  • DateNormalizer: Standardize date formats
  • NumberNormalizer: Normalize numeric values
  • LanguageDetector: Detect document language
  • EncodingHandler: Handle character encoding

from semantica.normalize import TextNormalizer

normalizer = TextNormalizer()
normalized = normalizer.normalize(parsed_docs)

4. Semantic Extract Module

Purpose: Extract entities, relationships, and semantic information.

This is the brain of the operation. It uses LLMs and NLP techniques to understand the text and extract structured knowledge.

• Components:
  • NERExtractor: Named Entity Recognition
  • RelationExtractor: Extract relationships between entities
  • SemanticAnalyzer: Deep semantic analysis
  • SemanticNetworkExtractor: Extract semantic networks

from semantica.semantic_extract import NERExtractor, RelationExtractor

# Extract entities
extractor = NERExtractor()
entities = extractor.extract(normalized_docs)

# Extract relationships
relation_extractor = RelationExtractor()
relationships = relation_extractor.extract(normalized_docs, entities)

5. Knowledge Graph (KG) Module

Purpose: Build and manage knowledge graphs.

The kg module constructs the graph from extracted entities and relationships, handling complex tasks like resolution and analysis.

• Components:
  • GraphBuilder: Construct knowledge graphs from entities/relationships
  • GraphAnalyzer: Analyze graph structure and properties
  • GraphValidator: Validate graph quality and consistency
  • EntityResolver: Resolve entity conflicts and duplicates
  • ConflictDetector: Detect conflicting information
  • CentralityCalculator: Calculate node importance metrics
  • CommunityDetector: Detect communities in graphs
  • ConnectivityAnalyzer: Analyze graph connectivity
  • TemporalQuery: Query temporal knowledge graphs
  • Deduplicator: Remove duplicate entities/relationships

classDiagram
    class GraphBuilder {
        +build(entities, relations)
        +merge_nodes()
    }
    class GraphAnalyzer {
        +compute_centrality()
        +detect_communities()
    }
    class KnowledgeGraph {
        +nodes: List
        +edges: List
        +query(cypher)
    }
    GraphBuilder ..> KnowledgeGraph : Creates
    GraphAnalyzer ..> KnowledgeGraph : Analyzes

from semantica.kg import GraphBuilder, GraphAnalyzer

# Build graph
builder = GraphBuilder()
kg = builder.build(entities, relationships) # (1)

# Analyze graph
analyzer = GraphAnalyzer()
metrics = analyzer.analyze(kg) # (2)

1. Constructs a NetworkX or Neo4j graph from the extracted entities and relationships, handling node merging and edge attributes.
2. Computes graph-theoretic metrics like density, diameter, and centrality to assess the quality and structure of the knowledge graph.

6. Embeddings Module

Purpose: Generate vector embeddings for various data types.

Embeddings are crucial for semantic search. This module generates vectors for text, images, and graph nodes.

• Components:
  • EmbeddingGenerator: Main embedding orchestrator
  • TextEmbedder: Generate text embeddings
  • ImageEmbedder: Generate image embeddings
  • AudioEmbedder: Generate audio embeddings
  • MultimodalEmbedder: Combine multiple modalities
  • EmbeddingOptimizer: Optimize embedding quality
  • ProviderAdapters: Support for OpenAI, Cohere, etc.

from semantica.embeddings import EmbeddingGenerator

generator = EmbeddingGenerator()
embeddings = generator.generate(documents)

7. Vector Store Module

Purpose: Store and search vector embeddings.

Manages the storage and retrieval of high-dimensional vectors, supporting hybrid search strategies.

• Components:
  • VectorStore: Main vector store interface
  • FAISSAdapter: FAISS integration
  • HybridSearch: Combine vector and keyword search
  • VectorRetriever: Retrieve relevant vectors

from semantica.vector_store import VectorStore, HybridSearch

vector_store = VectorStore()
vector_store.store(embeddings, documents, metadata)

hybrid_search = HybridSearch(vector_store)
results = hybrid_search.search(query, top_k=10)

8. Reasoning Module

Purpose: Perform logical inference and reasoning.

Goes beyond simple retrieval to infer new facts and validate existing knowledge using logical rules.

• Components:
  • InferenceEngine: Main inference orchestrator
  • RuleManager: Manage inference rules
  • DeductiveReasoner: Deductive reasoning
  • AbductiveReasoner: Abductive reasoning
  • ExplanationGenerator: Generate explanations for inferences
  • RETEEngine: RETE algorithm for rule matching

from semantica.reasoning import InferenceEngine, RuleManager

inference_engine = InferenceEngine()
rule_manager = RuleManager()
new_facts = inference_engine.forward_chain(kg, rule_manager)

9. Ontology Module

Purpose: Generate and manage ontologies.

Defines the schema and structure of your knowledge domain, ensuring consistency and enabling interoperability.

• Components:
  • OntologyGenerator: Generate ontologies from knowledge graphs
  • OntologyValidator: Validate ontology structure
  • OWLGenerator: Generate OWL format ontologies
  • PropertyGenerator: Generate ontology properties
  • ClassInferrer: Infer ontology classes

from semantica.ontology import OntologyGenerator

generator = OntologyGenerator()
ontology = generator.generate_from_graph(kg)

10. Export Module

Purpose: Export data in various formats.

Allows you to take your knowledge graph and data out of Semantica for use in other tools.

• Components:
  • JSONExporter: Export to JSON
  • RDFExporter: Export to RDF/XML
  • CSVExporter: Export to CSV
  • GraphExporter: Export to graph formats (GraphML, GEXF)
  • OWLExporter: Export to OWL
  • VectorExporter: Export vectors

from semantica.export import JSONExporter, RDFExporter

json_exporter = JSONExporter()
json_exporter.export(kg, "output.json")

11. Visualization Module

Purpose: Visualize knowledge graphs and analytics.

Provides tools to visually explore your data, making it easier to understand complex relationships.

• Components:
  • KGVisualizer: Visualize knowledge graphs
  • EmbeddingVisualizer: Visualize embeddings (t-SNE, PCA, UMAP)
  • QualityVisualizer: Visualize quality metrics
  • AnalyticsVisualizer: Visualize graph analytics
  • TemporalVisualizer: Visualize temporal data

from semantica.visualization import KGVisualizer

visualizer = KGVisualizer()
visualizer.visualize(kg)

12. Pipeline Module

Purpose: Build and execute processing pipelines.

Orchestrates the entire flow, connecting modules together into robust, executable workflows.

• Components:
  • PipelineBuilder: Build complex pipelines
  • ExecutionEngine: Execute pipelines
  • FailureHandler: Handle pipeline failures
  • ParallelismManager: Enable parallel processing
  • ResourceScheduler: Schedule resources

from semantica.pipeline import PipelineBuilder

builder = PipelineBuilder()
pipeline = builder.add_step("ingest", FileIngestor()) \
              .add_step("parse", DocumentParser()) \
              .build()